From Rick Altman, "Television/Sound" in Studies in Entertainment:
Critical Approaches to Mass Culture, ed. Tania Modleski,
Bloomington: Indiana U. Press, 1986. 43
In order to get to the promised images, we must look over, through, or
around an internal spectator who may or may not be seen, but who is always heard,
and who is always ready to tell us what we "need to know" about those images: the
newscaster...
sports announcer...
studio audience...
laughtrack...
users of advertised products . . .
Ray and Donna: the "good conscience"
on Dallas 48.
