A L T E R N A T I V E S

This absence from the public hierarchy means that we as women have developed our own modes of thought and organization. In the late 1800's, women started to organize on an international level. At this time, women and their causes "stood for decentralism, nonviolence, and grassroots activity on behalf of human welfare" (Boulding 213). This period saw the rise of women's non-governmental organizations (NGOs), especially in Europe.